Using Turabian Formatting Guide

The process of integration of scientists from different countries into a unified world of scientific community requires practice to include bibliographic descriptions of resources in accordance with uniform rules and methods of formatting in the lists of used literature to scientific articles, as well as published and unpublished results of research. In order to address this issue, there is a set of rules for bibliographic formatting developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, designed to create unified bibliographic descriptions covering published resources of any type – the International Standard Bibliographic Description of ISBD. According to the ISBD, nine areas of formatting are provided. Each area, except for the seventh, consists of a set of clearly structured and classified elements. Intro on Turabian style Turabian style in text citation is the same as the Chicago citation style except for small differences. It was named after the author of the book Kate L. Turabian (1893–1987) and developed for the University of Chicago. It is an instruction for the preparation and design of student and dissertational works. The Turabian style differs in that it is invented for papers that will be applied by a narrow circle of readers and is not intended for publishing purposes. It is also distinguished by the fact that it can be applied by both candidates for master’s and doctoral degrees, as well as students of junior courses. What is Turabian style? As it was mentioned above, the Turabian style is named after the author of the book Kate L. Turabian (1893–1987), which she developed for the University of Chicago. With the exception of small differences, the Turabian style is the same as the Chicago citation style. However, the Chicago style is a guide for publications in general, whereas the Handbook for the compilers of research papers, dissertations and dissertations states that Turabian is an instruction for the preparation and registration of student and dissertational works. From styles such as MLA and APA, Turabian style differs in that it is invented for papers used by a narrow circle of scientists and isn’t intended for publishing. From the MLA style it is also different because the MLA style is used as the foundation of the works of graduates, doctors, scientists, and pro writers, while the Turabian style can be used by candidates for master’s and doctoral degrees, as well as students of other courses. Reasons of Turabian style Turabian style is applied by natural and social sciences, as well as by humanities. There’re two methods of citation with the style: A usual technique of footnotes with the inclusion of a bibliography The method of parenthetical references with the inclusion of a list of references The humanities prefer the footnote technique, while the sciences mostly use the parenthetical references. Turabian style step-by-step guide The footnote-bibliography format is a simple citation. The following examples illustrate citation according to this format. After the footnote example, an abbreviated version of the reference to the same source in the footnotes follows. The abbreviated version is used for repeated references to the source in the text, if one source is cited several times. Then follow an example of how the source should be formatted in the bibliography of the work. Quoting the book: One author: Last Name, First name. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. Two or more authors: Last Name and First Name of the Two Authors. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The page number. If there are four or more authors, list all authors in the bibliography. In the footnote, mention should be made only of the first author and add after â€Å"et al.†: Last name, first name of the first author. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The page number. Editor or translator instead of the author: Last name, first name of the translator. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The number of the page(s). Editor or translator in addition to the author: Last name, first name of the author. The Name and Last Name of the Editor. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The number of page(s). Author-date format is simple citation. The examples below show quoting using the author-date format. Each example of how the source should be presented in the section â€Å"References to sources† is accompanied by an example of the citation in the text. Quoting the book: One author – Last name, first name. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The page number. Two or more authors – Last name, first name of the authors. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The number of the page(s). If there are four or more authors, you should list them all in the â€Å"Links† section. In the text, only the first author and â€Å"et al.† are indicated: Last name, first name of the first author. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The number of pages. If there is an editor or translator instead of the author: Last name, first name of the editor or translator. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. The page number. If there is an editor or translator in addition to the author: Last name, first name of the author. Last Name and First Name of the editor or translator. The Book Title. The City of the Publisher: Name of the Publisher, Year the Book Was Published. Basic Turabian style In this style, two basic systems of citation and references to quotation sources are allowed: The notes-bibliography format (or simple bibliographic style) The author-date format These formats generally represent the same order of citation, which is described in the Chicago stylistic guide, only they take into account the requirements for student work. Bibliographic style is mainly used in literature, history, and art. This style is bibliographic information in footnotes on a page or endnotes and usually in a bibliographic list. A more accurate style, author-date, is used in the exact and social sciences. In this system, the sources should be briefly indicated in parentheses in the text by the author’s name and the date of publication. References to the source in brackets are expanded with complete bibliographic information in the section â€Å"Used sources†. In addition to using endnotes, as opposed to the references in parentheses in the text, otherwise the two systems have a similar style. Writing the main body with Turabian style Here are some of the basics when writing the main body in the Turabian style: The paper has to be in the third person with the use of the active voice. Unless it is specified in the instructions, avoid the first and second person language. It’s better to split the work into logical pieces. Tips on formatting citations and a bibliography Citations and a bibliography provides for use of superscript numerical indices and footnotes at the bottom of the page with a bibliographic information whenever you quote a source, whether it is a paraphrase or a quote inside a line or block quote. For example, in the text at the end of each quotation or paraphrase it is necessary to place an overhead numeric index (a serial number) starting with the number â€Å"1† and continuing the numbering until the end of all work. The extension index number should match the same footnote number from bibliographic information about the cited source displayed in the bottom of page. Each footnote begins with a paragraph from the serial number, then after the space there is the bibliographic information quoted on this page source, which includes the full name of the author, title, and information about the publication. At the end of all work footnotes are the basis for the list of sources used. Finding Turabian sample papers To get a better idea on how to format your paper in the Turabian style, look for a good Turabian format sample paper online to correctly format your work according to the rules. Tips and tricks when using Turabian style The three main tips to follow include: Refer to the source every time you paraphrase, quote or copy someone’s work. It is about any kind of material: text, graphic or audiovisual. The link is usually indicated in two places with varying degrees of detail: inside the text and at the end of the document in the list of used literature. The first link should be as accurate as possible so as to concisely determine its location in the list of used literature. The reference system in one work (educational material or an essay) should be unified. Conclusion on the Turabian style There are only a few differences between the Turabian and Chicago styles but it’s crucial to know which one to apply for your discipline.